HTML history
The hypertext Markup Language or generally abbreviated “HTML” is a language of markup allowing the creation of a site. In the years 1989-1990, a computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the Worl Wide Web. HTML is one of the three inventions from the WWW along with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and web addresses. The first version of HTML includes the title of the document, the structuring of the text into titles, sub-titles, lists or plain text, hyperlinks but also a referencing principle. Tim Berners Lee bases html on SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) which is a generalized language of standardized markup in order to attract companies to html.
At the end of 1993, the HTML which was then in its version 1 saw a normalization effect. It is now called HTML +. Unfortunately, until the late 1990s html was defined by browser implementations. The arrival of the NCSA Mosaic browser brings two major elements: the insertion of images and the introduction of forms.
On November 13, 1993, the appearance of the new browser Netscape Navigator 0.9 allows the addition of many elements: text attributes, centering etc. Now html and browsers take design into account and even expand its capabilities, especially with CSS. The protocol describing HTML 2.0 was finalized at the end of 1995. It describes the HTML before June 1994, ie without the many updates due to the Netscape Navigator 0.9 browser. Dan Conelly is the primary editor of this document.
In December 1997 the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994 published HTML4.0. The main novelties are the remarkable separation between the structure and the presentation of the document but also the standardization of style elements and scripts. Other elements are added including the framset, transitional or even strict tag. In the 2000s, computer scientists preferred to tackle XHTML and forget about HTML. It was not until March 2007 that the W3C decided to relaunch the development of html, with Chris Wilson (Microsoft) at the head of research.
History of CSS
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a computer language that allows the formatting of a web page. Created by the W3C in the 1990s, it was fully taken over by browsers in the 2000s. The first real style sheet proposal came from Hakon Wium Lie. Very quickly, Dave Raggett who was then the main editor of the HTML3 specification project published a document evoking the work of Hakon Wium Lie. The final CSS1 specification was published on December 17, 1996. The first version of CSS does not allow a layout but only a "styling" (font, color, character ...).
In 1997, the study of CSS was entrusted to a W3C team chaired by Chris Lilley. This group contains representatives of the greatest browsers.
It was in May 1998 that the second version of CSS, with its 70 new properties, appeared. CSS implementation problems led the W3C to release a revised version of CSS2 in 2001. The development of CSS3 began in 1999. However the development is very difficult with the update and implementation issues. The evolution of CSS is constant and it took more than 10 years to finalize its version 3.
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